Cybersecurity Glossary

A t1, t3 is a digital circuit using TDM (time-division multiplexing).

Transport layer security (TLS) is a protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and the users on the internet. When a server and client communicate, tls ensures that no third party may overhear or tamper with any message. Tls is the successor to the secure sockets layer (SSL).

A tiny fragment attack is IP fragmentation that is the process of breaking up a single internet protocol (IP) datagram into multiple packets of smaller size. Every network link has a characteristic size of messages that may be transmitted, called the maximum transmission unit (MTU). If the data packet size is made small enough to force some of a TCP packet’s TCP header fields into the second data fragment, filter rules that specify patterns for those fields will not match. If the filtering implementation does not enforce a minimum fragment size, a disallowed packet might be passed because it didn’t hit a match in the filter. STD 5, RFC 791 states that, “every internet module must be able to forward a datagram of 68 octets without further fragmentation.” This is because an internet header may be up to 60 octets, and the minimum fragment is 8 octets. IP fragmentation exploits (attacks) use the fragmentation protocol within ip as an attack vector.

Triple DES (3DES) is the common name for the triple data encryption algorithm (TDEA or triple DEA) symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the data encryption standard (DES) cipher algorithm three times to each data block. It transforms each 64-bit plaintext block by applying the des three successive times, using either two or three different keys, for an effective key length of 112 or 168 bits.

Trusted ports are ports below number 1024 usually allowed to be opened by the root user.

Triple wrapped describes any data that has been signed with a digital signature, encrypted, and then signed again is called triple-wrapped.

A threat vector is a methodology that a threat uses to get to the target.

A token ring network is a local area network in which all computers are connected in a ring or star topology and a binary digit or token-passing scheme is used in order to prevent the collision of data between two computers that want to send messages at the same time. It uses a special three-byte frame called a “token” that travels around a logical “ring” of workstations or servers.

A tcpdump is a freeware protocol analyzer for unix systems that can monitor network traffic on a wire. It allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network. Tcpdump works on most unix-like operating systems: Linux, Solaris, BSD, OS X, HP-UX, Android and AIX among others. It was originally written in 1987 by Van Jacobson, Craig Leres and Steven McCanne who were working in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Network Research Group.

TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/internet protocol. It is a basic communication language or protocol of the internet and can be used as a communications protocol in a private network as well (either an intranet or an extranet).