Cybersecurity Glossary

An extension of the point-to-point tunneling protocol used by an internet service provider to enable the operation of a virtual private network over the internet.

Lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol used for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an IP network.

A loopback address is a pseudo address that sends outgoing signals back to the same computer for testing. In a TCP/IP network, the loopback IP address is 127.0.0.1, and pinging this address always returns a reply unless the firewall prevents it.

Layer 2 forwarding protocol (L2F) is an internet protocol, originally developed by Cisco corporation, that uses tunneling of PPP over IP to create a virtual extension of a dial-up link across a network, initiated by the dial-up server and transparent to the dial-up user.

Log clipping is the selective removal of log entries from a system log to hide a compromise.

A legion is a software used to detect unprotected shares.

A logic bomb is a piece of code that is deliberately inserted into a system to trigger a malicious program. Viruses and worms often contain logic bombs that execute a certain payload at a pre-defined time or when some other condition is met. Some viruses attack their host systems on specific dates, such as friday the 13th or april fools’ day. Trojans that activate on certain dates are often called time bombs.

Least privilege is the principle of allowing users or applications the least amount of permissions necessary to perform their intended function.

Lattice techniques use security designations to determine access to information.

Link-state routing protocols are one of the two main classes of routing protocols used in packet switching networks. The link-state protocol is performed by every switching node in the network. Every node creates a map of the connectivity to the network (in the form of a graph) displaying all the nodes that are connected to other nodes. Each node then calculates the next best logical path from it to every possible destination in the network. The collection of these best paths forms the node’s routing table.